In familiar, all diseases of the fleece can be divided into diverse bright groups:
Pyoderma - a pustular malady caused by means of pyogenic bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, etc.). Pyoderma is the most proletarian diseases of the hide of any age group. These register folliculitis, sycosis vulgaris, furunculosis, carbuncles, hydradenitis, impetigo, and innumerable others.
Fungal infections - fungal diseases caused via pathogenic fungi: pityriasis versicolor, epidermatofitiya groin, epidermatofitiya stop trichophytia, rubrofitiya, candidiasis, blastomycosis, etc.
Viral dermatoses caused past divergent viruses: herpes simplex and herpes, warts, molluscum contagiosum.
Lingering communicable diseases: tuberculosis of the graze, leprosy, Lyme disease.
Parasitic diseases - a fairly customary collection of coating diseases caused close to divers pathogens: mites - mange, demodicosis, lice - lice, leishmania - leishmaniasis of the skin.
Allergic - a categorize of incrustation diseases caused away an allergic fleece answer to something. These take in allergic dermatitis, toxicoderma, eczema, urticaria.
Neyrodermatozy - diseases caused usually by means of changes in the upset practice: itchy flay, atopic dermatitis, prurigo.
Psoriasis - the most common long-lasting skin plague that affects as nails and joints. The following types of psoriasis: an ordinary, exudative, seborrheic, palmoplantar, pustular,
Aphtha, arthropathic, erythrodermic psoriasis.
Diffuse connective concatenation condition characterized via lesions of connective conglomeration subsume lupus erythematosus, scleroderma and dermatomyositis.
Autoimmune bullous dermatosis - a disease, the solitary or main morphological item face of which is the boil: pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid, dermatitis herpetiformis Duhring.
Angiitis of the skin (vasculitis) - dermatitis, characterized during nonspecific inflammation of blood vessels of varying degrees. There are polymorphous dermal vasculitis, purpura pigmentosa inveterate, knotty angiitis.
Genodermatosis - a transferable shell illness, manifested beside diverse pathological processes in the fell: ichthyosis, keratoderma, bullous epidermolysis, Recklinghausen's disease.
Disorders of incrustation appendages (sebaceous glands, tresses and nails) group seborrhea, and the virus developing as its consequences (eg, alopecia), acne of all kinds.
Dyschromia of the skin constitute a violation of its pigmentation, mostly caused close to disorders of melanin pigment deposits.
For tumors of the skin seborrheic keratoses are, cutaneous horn, keratoakantoma, precancer of the skin, basal stall carcinoma, squamous carcinoma, melanoma, and fibroma.
Furunculosis (Latin furunculus boil +-osis) - stafilodermiya, characterized close the constant hint of restored boils at assorted stages of progress in different parts of the body. Therefore, the condition is defined as a inveterate relapsing inflammatory process.
The most attend regularly sites of localization boils are the cover (the nose and cheeks), neck, shoulders, hips, buttocks. The murrain mostly develops on areas of veneer trauma, level pegging slightest, in the make of a distinct focus, multiple foci are rare.
Predisposing factors are the notwithstanding as that of a separate boils (rind contamination, scratches, extravagant secretion of distress and sebaceous glands, etc.), as well as the weakening of the vaccinated status (weakness in neutrophil chemotaxis, hypogammaglobulinemia, immunodeficiency express in link with thymoma, diabetes, etc ..) Quite in many cases there are cases where furunculosis is a complexity of other decorticate diseases such as eczema or scabies.
Distinctive boils develop as single: on the abrade profound painful pustule appears glowing red in color, reaching 3-5 cm in diameter in the change of growing, it begins to extrude beyond everything the conical healthy skin, forming a necrotic core. After 10-20 days, the autopsy is the sputter, accompanied by copious purulent necrotic mass. The function ends with scarring of the hearth.
The characteristic between single furuncle and furunculosis is that the bearing of multiple boils may weaken the serene: fever may crop, the unaggressive complained of inexact failing, headaches. Blood tests revealed leukocytosis, accelerated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Accomplishable complications of the disorder chiefly play when it is localized on the head (brazen through), neck, meningitis, cerebral sinus thrombosis, sepsis.
Carbuncle - purulent-necrotic infection of the some mane follicles, which join to cultivate a free inflammatory infiltrate. Usually develops as a consequence of the same factors that seethe (peel contamination, mayhem, excessive emanating of sweat glands, diabetes, etc.). The sickness is localized in the dermis and subcutaneous concatenation, the most frequent rank of appearance formations - the side with of the neck, shoulders, keester and lower back.
Since the rebellious get ready involves a number of skin of one's teeth follicles, the carbuncle, in discriminate to the boil, a hardly necrotic cores. Chafed outside is vastly swells, becomes purplish-red and zealous to the touch. In parallel, there is deterioration of ordinary acclimatize of the passive: there is a fever (temperature may slope upwards to 40 degrees), headache, nausea or vomiting, dreadful pain at the spot of localization of redness, the patient feels a habitual taste, diminution of appetite.
After a standard period revealed an heated follicle, forming various openings which are separated pyonecrotic selection. In its place remains a festering chancre face, which slowly heals (2-4 weeks), and leaves behind a tempestuous star-shaped scar.
Treatment of carbuncle has a few areas:
surgical dissection;
antibiotics and injections of antibiotics round the localization of infection (in the near the start stages of growth), the reception of detoxifying;
UHF;
also appointed through proteolytic enzymes, disinfectants, and ointments epiteliziruyutsya (levomikol, baktroban, TOMICID).
Fungal infections (dermatomycosis syn.) a order of diseases of the skin and its appendages (curls and nails) caused by pathogenic fungi of other genera. They occupy a substantial spot mass the mycoses.
Centre of the fungal diseases have identified a billion of groups: tinea, keratomikozy, candidiasis, and a grouping of so-called profound mycoses. It also includes a party of psevdomikozov, agents which invade an transitional position between fungi and bacteria.
The most conventional skin diseases caused on fungi, are dermatofii, agents which - trihofiton fungi, and mikrosporumy epidermofiton. These incorporate incrustation diseases eidermofitiya abandon rubrofitiya, trichophytia, crusted ringworm. The most run-of-the-mill of them tinea pedis - athlete's foot and rubrofitiya. Typically caused near red trihofitonom, they can abuse not at worst the skin of the feet and nails, and other sturdy areas of the skin. Factors contributing to the development of fungal feet, are breaches of the rules of intimate hygiene, sanitary-epidemic regulation in basins, showers, etc., where the mushrooms can be want on sodden surfaces, in flat waters.
Less public keratomikozy - fungal diseases affecting only the side areas of the stratum corneum of the epidermis, or cuticle hair. Entirety the noteworthy keratomikozov pityriasis versicolor, trihosporiyu nodosum.
The subdue of the graze, nails and hardy b cold ridges observed in the candidiasis - a murrain caused alongside fungi of the genus Candida. Infection occurs by them in various ways, including the increase of candidiasis is credible with irrational manipulate of antibiotics, corticosteroids and other drugs, unequalled to dysbacteriosis.
The deep mycoses in Europe are rare - they are distinctive of Africa, South America. Infection occurs when husk microtraumas. On the fleece, there are sundry bumps, knots, are prone to ulceration. The danger of unfathomable fungal infections is that they touch the deeper layers of pelt, subcutaneous pile, underlying muscles and even bones and internal organs and habitually leads to death.
Treatment of fungal diseases is carried doused using antifungal agents: ointments, creams and solutions (clotrimazole, terbinafine, lotseril, mikoseptin, nystatin, nitrofungin, etc.) and tablets (Lamisil, levorin, Nizoral, Nystatin, Orungal, etc.). If clench fungus is sometimes required surgery - move of out of sorts nail.
Wart - a viral dermatosis caused past particular types of considerate papillomavirus (HPV).
There are various types of warts, depending on the type of factor: vulgaris (overused) are caused alongside pathogens of HPV-2 and HPV-3, plantar - agents of HPV
-1, HPV-2, HPV-4, the flat - the causative instrument of HPV-3, spiky - agents of HPV -6, HPV
-11.
Established (tasteless) training are usually observed in babyhood and adolescence. They look like pimples corporeal pinkish-gray in color with a strongly thickened, ungracious interface, whose dimensions variety from 1 mm to 1 cm in diameter. Most commonly they are placed in the hands (the fingers).
Flat warts are develop mainly in children and teenaged adults. They are a multiple hoop-shaped or oviform papules color with a burnished emerge, reaching 1-3 mm in diameter. Inveterately located on the face, neck, case, dorsum of hands, can be located linearly, lose mainly the unchanging of healthy skin.
Plantar can occur at any duration, they enliven the materialization of micro refrain from extravagant sweating (hyperhidrosis) feet. This is usually multiple, plane, firm to the employ with the genesis of a rough surface. Some of them quickly throbbing, extremely those in the department of difficulties during walking.
Genital warts are considered to be diseases, sexually transmitted infections. They are located in the mucous membranes and represent the elements of the nodules, resembling a cock's comb.
Diagnosis of warts is carried free on clinical grounds without difficulty.
Molluscum contagiosum - a viral infection dermatosis.
The causative representative of molluscum contagiosum is a virus pathogenic in the service of humans. The virus is transmitted around direct get in touch with (including procreative) and inclusive of the use of stereotyped items (washcloths, sponges, towels, etc.). The murrain is more garden-variety in preschool children. In persons of mean and ancient discretion murrain provoking factors are long-term treatment of corticosteroids and cytostatics. Every now the malady is accompanied near HIV infection or other diseases, sexually transmitted infections, as an secondary flag of them.
The incubation period is 2 weeks - 2-3 months. The contagion is manifested by way of the advent of the outer layer percipience of the virus in places, brilliant, translucent nodules of pink or grayish-yellow color. The amount of such nodules ranges from several mm to 1 cm in the center of the component detected a slight indentation. When you click on an matter from the deepening of the prime allocation is whitish pasty mass.
The integer of emerged nodules may be different: one most located on the dial, neck, side with of hands; multiple can be localized anywhere on the incrustation and grouped into small pockets. In the victim of the virus into the hull help of voluptuous friend molluscum contagiosum time after time localized to the pubic extent, genitals, inner thighs. In some patients, the elements be prone to coalesce, transforming into a charitable tumor-like formations with stormy edges - the professed "giantess clam".
If untreated, some elements of molluscum contagiosum can become extinct on their own, but the coincident emergence of modish elements in the in days simulated areas of skin.
Psoriasis (psoriasis vulgaris),
Ichthyosis - a chronic disease of the peel, nails and joints, characterized about the demeanour on the pellicle monomorphic rash. The rash is a decarbonated papules of diverse sizes that have to mingle into stout pink-red plaques with silvery scales covering white.
At the point in time it is entire of the most banal inveterate diseases of the skin. It is suggested that psoriasis is phony not one the skin, nails and joints, but also some internal organs (eg kidneys). Though, this understanding is not scientifically proven.
There are several theories non-standard irregardless the commencement of the disease: viral, genetic (genetic predisposition to increased room proliferation), neurogenic (predisposition of the fearful arrangement) and others.
In psoriatic epidermis revealed acanthosis and papillomatosis on the nose sharply, usual of parakeratosis. Thinned epidermis, consists of two or three rows of cells. In the basal layers of the epidermis and the spiculose mitoses organize in the papillary dermis - the expansion of capillaries, the riotous infiltrate.
The condition of the condition is characterized by a multifariousness of start: the disability can start wellnigh unnoted by the patient with the show of multiple papules and may substantiate brisk spread of the shell surface scars. The infirmity is caused sooner than the seasons: as a consequence, the most standard "winter" genus with exacerbations during the cold ready, at least - "summer". Also, then there is a impure prototype of exacerbation which arise at any time of year.
There are a sprinkling forms of the blight: psoriasis peasant exudative, pustular, seborrheic, hand-foot, arthropathic, psoriatic erythroderma.
Dermatitis - coat lesions of an fervid nature, resulting from actual impact on it. There are lowly and allergic graze lesions.
The development of simple dermatitis occurs when exposed to obligate stimulus: chemicals (acids, alkalis), real striking (superior or crude temperatures - a long or frostbite, shedding, mechanical pressure, stirring current, etc.). The provocative handle develops in the pelt at the orientation is strictly stimulus effects, and its ruthlessness depends on the force and location leisure stimulus, as admirably as the properties of the skin and the localization of inflammatory lesions. There are three stages of the affliction: erythematous, vesicular-bullous and necrotic. If adverse effects on the skin is constantly, you puissance congestive erythema, infiltration and desquamation of the skin.
A uncontrived manifestation occurs closely after disclosure to the stimulus, ie develops without the incubation period. The exclusive exceptions are burns, frostbite, corpulent areas of skin, a clinical embodiment that pretty hard.
Atopic dermatitis develops as an allergic reaction of delayed classification to the stimulus. Allergens are on the whole chemical substances (detergents, chromium, nickel, insecticides), medication (sintomitsinovaja emulsion and other ointments, which are for the time being in the antibiotics) and cosmetics (eg fraction dyes).
The clinical incarnation of allergic mould of the disease is as follows: the flay reddens without the development of clear boundaries and swells, it formed microvesicles, hemispherical blisters with radiantly or blurred substance, which at the opening of leaving behind a weeping mikroerozii, scales, crusts.
The clinical illustration of atopic dermatitis differs from the uncomplicated particulars that the prime affects the epidermis, not only on the effects of stimulus locale, but also extends beyond its effects. As regards model, the effects of an allergic resistance to poor attribute ink can spread on the go up against, neck and tranquil chest. Subjective feelings of the unaggressive is most instances characterized on a pronounced itching.
Itching - a health circumstances in which the situation of serious worth are changes in the fretful system. Itching - the instinct that causes the necessary to comb the skin. Undoubtedly, this view of pain, but in modified pattern, which occurs when a retiring stimulation of cutaneous balls endings important for the sake affliction perception. Some scholars play a joke on identified in human skin-specific receptors that grasp an itch.
There are two types of pruritus:
physiological arising bites and crawling insects on the veneer;
pathology that occurs in diseases.
The causes of itching are a heterogeneity of pathological lesions of the upset system, digestive scheme, diseases of the endocrine scenery (diabetes), metabolic disorders (atherosclerosis), and life-threatening diseases of internal organs, blood, toxemia of pregnancy, worm infestation, a number of overlay diseases (eczema, atopic dermatitis, a red lichen planus, scabies, etc.). In definite skin diseases, itching is their only clinical manifestation. The pathogenesis of pruritus was not significantly intentional, but it is known that in its formation involves neural, humoral, vascular mechanisms.
There are generalized and localized itching.
Generalized pruritus is characterized at near paroxysmal, his seizures most often crop up in the evening and endlessly time. Is intolerable rune, so much a unbalanced graze brushing, plucking the epidermis. Scratches are linear or indulge character. In some cases, there is a generalized itching all the time.
Distinguish the following subtypes of generalized itching: time-worn, high-altitude, solar (headlamp). An one-time staff appears in the hoary (as surplus 60) and is due to involutional (presenile) processes in the main part including the skin. High-rise is observed when people knoll to a height of all over 7000 m insusceptible to sea level, it arises as a result of stimulation of baroreceptors. Trinkets is anticipated to prolonged photosensitivity.
A localized itch is characterized sooner than limited, it commonly occurs in the anus, external genitalia. Etiologic factors such forms are itching inveterate redness in the pelvic organs (prostate, adnexitis, etc.), helminth infection, trichomoniasis, enzymatic disorders of the mucous membrane of the rectum, genital changes that turn up dawn on in menopause. Continued fact of itching can main to complications in the erect of accession pyococcus infection candidiasis.
In patients with localized integument ulcers observed irritability, sleep disorder authority, loss of appetite.
Atopic dermatitis - a long-standing skin murrain of fomenting description, which is characterized through the appearance of erythematous-lichenoid lesions are prone to mergers and the composition of foci of papular infiltration and morphological changes of the husk (its seal, a violation of the calculate).
There are two types of neurodermatitis: meagre and limited. Rambling is an allergic feedback to the stimulus. It can induce not up to par nutrition, intoxication, impaired functioning of the internal organs (liver, stomach, kidney), the centers of other chronic infections, as luxuriously as functional disorders of the central worked up structure, autonomic system, disorders of the endocrine kind (eg, impaired functioning of the pituitary-adrenal axis). The pre-eminent job in the development of this plague are disorders of the nervous and endocrine systems. It can happen at any age.
The main warning sign is the advent of dispel neurodermatitis papules waxen pink, subjectively characterized alongside itching. Papules attend to to merge into continuous lesions with subsequent lichenification of the skin. Such centers as a rule are located on the flexor surfaces of the extremities - elbows, knees, wrists, and on the lateral surfaces of the skin. Other changes in the skin develop on the dial, endorse and breast on the pellicle enter into the picture pink erythema, with no clear boundaries and characterized by lightly made desquamation. The dogged complains of constantly growing itching, scratching causes the lesion sites microtraumas, cracks, color changes in certain areas of the skin, itchy and dialect right glowing about a tough dish, looks like polished. Because scratching can join pyococcus infection. The skin becomes dry, universal gray.
The dogged observed the following clinical symptoms: catch forty winks upset, desire loss, hypotension,
Sarcoidosis, weakness, exhaustion, hypoglycemia, etc. The untiring becomes touchy, blubbering, it may be lowering of band weight.
The disability is characterized at hand a prolonged obviously with a analogous to of inflammation subsided during the summer months. Perhaps the progression of this qualification until the erythroderma. This may be appropriate to an unfavorable course of the complaint, indelicate treatment, is an irritant to the skin.
Slim neurodermatitis affects small areas of the excoriate, the most normal localization - back and side of the neck, the skin approximately the ankles, in the genital area. Lesions in the limited description are divided into three zones:
center, the foremost put into the limelight of which is lichenification of the decorticate;
Depressing - that area of the pellicle, which appear glinting papular rash of small rate;
unessential, characterized via hyperpigmentation of the skin.
Seborrhea - a cancer characterized sooner than enhanced leakage of the sebaceous glands, as admirably as changes in the chemical theme of sebum.
The etiology of seborrhea is not unclear. Changing the chemical composition of sebum leads to the check of bactericidal properties of sebum. As a follow-up, the sturdy microflora of the skin is transformed into pathogenic. The commotion of secretion of sebaceous glands are by caused via an imbalance between estrogen and androgen hormones in the running of the latter. Most again this occurs at the grow older of 14-25 years.
Histologically, this affliction are observed hyperkeratosis, sebaceous gland hypertrophy, infiltration all flay appendages and blood vessels. Hypertrophy of the sebaceous glands caused by stopping of the voting for sebaceous escape that occurs as a come to pass of enhanced keratinization.
The most iterative sites of localization are those seborrhea coating, where there are the greatest handful of sebaceous glands - the fa‡ade, scalp, chest and back. There are three forms of it: a substantial (rigid and clear), and droll blended.
If there is a chock-full flattering seal and reduced elasticity of the bark, which becomes brownish-grayish color. Sometimes a clogged sebaceous gland epithelial cells rejected impregnated with sebum, - there is a comedo. If the comedo crowd senseless of the excretory duct of the sebaceous glands pass a chock-full congeries of tallow. The curls in this form of the infirmity change rough, tough. Complications - boils, abscesses, and folliculitis.
The liquid cultivate is characterized near fatty losneniem skin pores greatly expanded, including lots of sebum released. The plaits of the head look like oiled, are glued to distinct strands, they detected a corpulent numeral of yellowish scales; attainable alopecia. To each the complications cast folliculitis, boils, sycosis, impetigo.
Dry seborrhea extraordinary reduced excretion of chubbiness, abounding in illusion on the scalp and braids, horny scales. The scales play, as a command, or the unhurt head, or in the occipital-parietal sector, and they are unquestionably separated and dwindle to the clothes. Hair becomes waterless and brittle. In this genus of malady on the husk arise pink or reddish spots, which can be seen on the to the casual observer of many feel mortified scales - seboreidy.
The boring form of the affliction is accompanied nearby biased sensations: patients squawk of a tender of tightening of the veneer, tingling, uniquely growing after washing with hibernal water. Tainted seborrhea is characterized beside enhanced excretion of sebaceous in the forehead, nose and chin (T-zone) and moistureless fell on the cheeks. On the scalp, increased excretion of loaded was observed exclusively in the frontal and parietal regions.